From DNA to RNA to protein
DNA sequence is transcribed into RNA; coding RNA can be translated into protein.
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DNA sequence is transcribed into RNA; coding RNA can be translated into protein. Genes and regulatory regions influence the amount and timing of a protein, and environment also shapes phenotype. A genotype is inherited sequence information; phenotype is an observed trait. This chain helps interpret sequence and expression tables without assuming each gene has one fixed effect.
Worked example
A variant in a promoter can change RNA abundance without changing the amino-acid sequence. Compare RNA measurements before claiming a protein change.