Research map/California Institute of Technology/Rob Phillips Physical Biology Laboratory

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Rob Phillips Physical Biology Laboratory

Rob Phillips

Research using quantitative experiments, statistical mechanics, information theory, nonequilibrium physics, and large-scale biological measurements to discover predictive principles in gene regulation, biological fidelity, active matter, and viral ecology.

Official research website ↗

This independent educational primer introduces scientific concepts relevant to research themes in the Rob Phillips Physical Biology Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology. It is not an official Caltech or Rob Phillips Laboratory course and does not imply endorsement or affiliation.

Questions behind the work

Research questions

01

Can molecular-scale parameters quantitatively predict gene expression?

02

How can regulatory information be inferred from DNA sequence and high-throughput measurements?

03

How does energy consumption allow biological systems to achieve high fidelity?

04

How do molecular motors generate collective active-material behavior?

05

Can quantitative measurements reveal principles in viral diversity and ecology?

Your recommended path

Learn this research

Research primer

Physical Biology: From Gene Regulation to Living Matter

6 lessons · ~29 minutes

Count, model, predict, measure, and revise: a video-first introduction to gene regulation, regulatory genomics, biological fidelity, active matter, and quantitative viral ecology.

Watch videos
  1. 01How does a physicist think about a living cell?
  2. 02Can statistical mechanics predict gene expression?
  3. 03Decoding the genomic Rosetta Stone
  4. 04Why does life spend energy to avoid mistakes?
  5. 05Active matter: when molecules build moving materials
  6. 06Viruses, ecology, and the search for quantitative biological laws

Key concepts

Active matter and molecular motor energy consumption

Identify local energy consumption in active materials.

Binding energy, occupancy, fold-change, and allostery

Connect copy number, binding energy, fold-change, and ligand-dependent allostery.

Biological fidelity, energy expenditure, and error correction

Explain why fidelity requires mechanism-specific coupling and evidence.

Biological numeracy, scale, and order-of-magnitude reasoning

Estimate biological quantities with units and order-of-magnitude reasoning.

Coarse-graining and predictive minimal models

Distinguish a minimal model, a fitted parameter, and a prospective prediction.

Collective microtubule–motor dynamics and emergence

Connect motor interactions to emergent microtubule dynamics and measurements.

Equilibrium versus nonequilibrium biological processes

Distinguish equilibrium discrimination from driven processes.

From measurement to model across biological scales

Apply measurement-to-model reasoning while preserving causal limits.

Information footprints and regulatory-architecture inference

Interpret information footprints without claiming protein identification.

Quantitative viral genomics and bacteriophage ecology

Interpret viral-genomics and phage-ecology observations within their dataset.

Regulatory DNA and massively parallel sequence-to-expression measurement

Explain sequence-to-expression reporter measurements.

Statistical mechanics of transcriptional regulation

Relate statistical weights to occupancy under stated assumptions.

Important papers

2026

Dynamics of inducible genetic circuits

Yang Z, Rousseau RJ, Mahdavi SD, Garcia HG, Phillips R

Why this matters: PHILLIPS-LAB PRIMARY RESULT: published circuit dynamics connect molecular regulation to dynamical models.

2026

Evolution of error correction through a need for speed

Ravasio R, Husain K, Evans CG, Phillips R, Ribezzi-Crivellari M, Szostak JW, Murugan A

Why this matters: COLLABORATIVE PRIMARY RESULT: published Murugan-led models and selection simulations, with polymerase data consistent with the hypothesis; not universal proofreading.

Independent project ideas inspired by this research

Projects you could do

Educational ideas using public or synthetic data. These projects are not offered or supervised by the lab or research group.

Intermediate

Test a minimal cell model

Computational simulation or public-data analysis

Compare a coarse-grained model with held-out synthetic observations.

Background
Relevant primer lessons, Basic Python and algebra
Data
{"Synthetic size, time, and copy-number measurements."}
Output
A unit-checked prediction plot and a separate report of fitted versus held-out error.

Independent learning idea, not offered or supervised by the lab. Use simulations or public non-identifying data only; no wet-lab work, microbial or phage culturing, genetic modification, clinical or forensic identification.

Intermediate

Explore simple repression

Computational simulation or public-data analysis

Vary copy number and binding energy in a stated equilibrium simulation.

Background
Relevant primer lessons, Basic Python and algebra
Data
{"Published model equations and synthetic inputs; no culturing."}
Output
Occupancy and fold-change plots plus assumptions and failure cases.

Independent learning idea, not offered or supervised by the lab. Use simulations or public non-identifying data only; no wet-lab work, microbial or phage culturing, genetic modification, clinical or forensic identification.

Intermediate

Interpret synthetic information footprints

Computational simulation or public-data analysis

Generate sequence-expression data with a known hidden regulatory region, then recover association.

Background
Relevant primer lessons, Basic Python and algebra
Data
{"Synthetic reporter sequence-expression tables following Pan et al."}
Output
A footprint with uncertainty and a statement that it does not independently identify a protein.

Independent learning idea, not offered or supervised by the lab. Use simulations or public non-identifying data only; no wet-lab work, microbial or phage culturing, genetic modification, clinical or forensic identification.

Intermediate

Simulate locally driven collective motion

Computational simulation or public-data analysis

Simulate interacting filaments with an explicit finite energy budget.

Background
Relevant primer lessons, Basic Python and algebra
Data
{"Toy motor–filament simulations and published open figures."}
Output
A motion plot comparing local interactions and energy removal; no perpetual-motion or central-control claim.

Independent learning idea, not offered or supervised by the lab. Use simulations or public non-identifying data only; no wet-lab work, microbial or phage culturing, genetic modification, clinical or forensic identification.

Intermediate

Compare public viral-genome distributions

Computational simulation or public-data analysis

Analyze public genome lengths or published aggregate phage-family distributions across sites.

Background
Relevant primer lessons, Basic Python and algebra
Data
{"Public non-identifying viral genome metadata and published aggregate tables."}
Output
A distribution plot with sampling, unknown-host, and association-versus-causation limits.

Independent learning idea, not offered or supervised by the lab. Use simulations or public non-identifying data only; no wet-lab work, microbial or phage culturing, genetic modification, clinical or forensic identification.

Related labs and groups

Ranked by shared research topics in the current collection.

Stanford University

Stephen Quake Lab

Stephen Quake

Research develops biological measurement tools and applies them to single-cell genomics, genomic diagnostics, microbial ecology, and quantitative biological analysis. This independent primer distinguishes historical lab contributions, collaborative and consortium results, current research, and clinical screening from diagnosis.

Shared topics: Metagenomics, Quantitative biology, Systems biology

6 lessons · ~29 minutes

Explore the lab